Pantograph.



PATENTED NOV. 10, 1903.

-- A, FORBES.

PAN-TOGRAPH.

latentecl November 10, 1903.

PATENT Orrrcn.

ALEXANDER FORBES, 0F GLASGOW, SCOTLAND.

P N oeuAm-i.

SPEGIFIGATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 743,980, dated November10, 1903.

Application filed March 10, 1903. $crial No. 147,069. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER FORBES, of 118 Ronfield street,Glasgow,'Scotland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPantographs, of which the following is a specification. I

This apparatus is constructed on the lines of an ordinary pantograph,but on a large scale. It is preferably made of wood, with the jointsworking on smooth metal surfaces, which method of joiningfhas the efiectof steadying the apparatus to enable it to be used in an uprightposition, such as on a wall. A feature of the apparatus is theattachment to the enlarging end of a reservoir containing -a supply offluid pigment, such as ink, which percolates through a nozzle to asponge, piece of felt, brush, or any similar porous substance.

Combined with apparatus as above described is a roll of'wide paper, suchas is used for printing newspapers, and the saturated sponge, &c., beingdragged along the paper produces an enlargement with a thickness of linecorresponding with thewidth of sponge, 850., used. A fresh surface ofpaper is rolled ed for each enlargement.

The apparatus is intended for producingenlargements up to, say, twentyfeet in di-f ameter from smalloriginals, which originals can be drawn onpaper or preferably grooved out in wood. Provision is made for liftingthe enlarging end of apparatus at detached parts of a design or betweenletters or words This apparatus is specially suitable for doing what isknown as lightning cartoons or for the instantaneous production ofmammoth advertisements at public resorts. The operator would beconcealed, and the only visible part of apparatuswould be the enlargingend, which can be covered over to represent a human arm or hand. Anothermethod is for the entire concealment of the operator and of theenlarging apparatus.

Figure I is a front elevation or front perspective view of a pantographmasked or concealed by the representation of ahuman arm and shown in theoperation of producing an enlarged advertisement upon a sheet of pa perwhich is carried upon rollers and mounted in a suitable box orframework. Fig. 2 is a similar but rear view with the pantograph :isdrawn on its exterior surface, as seen.

placed behind the sheet of paper whichis to receive the advertisementwhen it is concealed, together with the operator manipulating it, whostands in the rear thereof. Fig. 3 is a section of the reservoir'andinking device. Fig. 4 is a part side view of a spring arrangement forconnectingthe enlargingarm to the pantograph and causing its outer end,with the inking device, to always press against the paper, allhereinafter more fully described( V The pantograph A is of the ordinaryform, composed of four members a, 12,-0, and d, as illustrated in Figs.1 and 2., A is pivotally connected to the wooden upright a Fig. 2, bythe pivot (i To one end of the member bis mounted the tracing-point 17',(shown in perspective in the drawings,) and the short member 0,connecting the members a and b, is

hinged at or near the midway of its connection, which enables theapparatus to be lifted off the paper when pulled by handles K. At thepoint where the'member a is attached to the enlargingarm d is introduceda bent spring 6, which is illustrated in Fig. 4. The opposite end of themember 0. carries a weight or counterpoise a. This spring tendsconstantly to keep the armd pressed against the paper c. The arm at atthe outer end is mounted with an ink-reservoir f, which is illustratedin Fig. 3. This reservoir is intended to contain a supply of'ink. Theink, which can be black or any color, is composed largely of somevolatile liquid,such as methylated spirits, in order to causeit topenetrate clean. through the paper and dry rapidly in the inkingoperation. The reservoir is filled through a nozzle g, and the outlet ofthis nozzle is plugged with a sponge or a ball of felt N, which is keptin position by a collar J. To give the sponge or ball of felt N thenecessary resilience, a spring 11 is inserted within the nozzle andpresses against the sponge.

The pantograph is operated by means of the handles K. The joints,respectively, of the pantograph work upon smooth rn'etal disk surfaces.

In Fig. l the paper 2 is unwound from the upper roller Z and drawn downin front of a smooth surface m, and the ink'representation The slackpaper is wound upon the lower roller ZZ, which, as shown in Fig. 1, isor may be provided with a crank-handle n for turning it. The exteriorcovering 0, placed around the enlarging end of the pantograph,represents a colossal arm, which in operation has a striking andanimated appearance. The true operator is concealed below and in rear ofthe screen 19.

In Fig. 2 the paper is unwound from upper roller behind a sheet ofplate-glass, and the representation is drawn backward upon the back ofthe sheet of paper e, which, being of such a nature, in conjunction withthe special ink, permits of the drawing penetrating clean through thepaper and being fully seen to the front in the daylight, while at nightthe rays from a suitable artificial light are projected on its outerglass surface.

Fig. 5 shows the operators box and the appearance to the spectators ofthe process described in Fig. 2, nothing being seen but the designpenetrating line by line through the paper from behind,and thus viewedin front through the sheet of plate-glass.

I claim- 1. In the production of animated posters or mammothadvertisements the combination of a pantograph having a printing-pointand a large arm constructed on an enlarged scale, a handle for operatingand lifting printingpoint at detached portions of design, a weight orcounterpoise for balancingit, an inkingreservoir mounted on the outerend of its enlarging-arm, a roll of paper suitably mounted on horizontalrollers and so arranged to receive an ink drawing or representation onits front or rear surfaces, substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described and illustrated on the accompanying sheets ofdrawings.

2. In the production of animated posters, or mammoth advertisements thecombination of a pantograph formed with a spring and a hinged joint, areservoir composed of a sphen ical chamber for holding or containing theink, an inking-pad, a nozzle whereby the ink percolates to theinking-pad, a spring for giving the necessary resilience to theinking-pad and the meansof retaining it in position, substantially asand for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated on theaccompanying sheets of drawings.

3. A pantograph arranged in a vertical position and provided with aspring-pressed enlarging-arm, a yielding inking-pad, means for supplyingink to the pad, and means for balancing the pantograph.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in presence oftwo witnesses.

ALEXANDER FORBES.

Witnesses:

JoHN LIDDLE, I. H. PEARSON.

